Entomopathogenic nematodes are tiny, unsegmented worms naturally found in the soil. Some of them have evolved as obligate parasites of numerous harmful insects, becoming key tools in integrated pest management programs. The most commonly used genera in agriculture are Steinernema and Heterorhabditis, known for their ability to attack the larvae of various pest species.

Which insects they control and how they work

These nematodes come into contact with the host insect and penetrate through natural openings such as the mouth or spiracles. Once inside, they release symbiotic bacteria that kill the insect within 48 hours. The nematodes multiply inside the host’s body and then emerge to infect other pests in the soil. They are particularly effective against beetle larvae (such as vine weevil and Japanese beetle), lepidopterans, thrips, and dipterans such as fungus gnats.

Why use them in nurseries and integrated agriculture

Using entomopathogenic nematodes in nursery production makes it possible to reduce the use of chemical insecticides while maintaining effective and consistent protection. They are safe for plants and operators and leave no residues. In addition, they are compatible with beneficial insects and can be easily integrated into biological control strategies.

Ideal conditions for their effectiveness

For nematodes to work properly, it is essential to ensure a good level of soil moisture, as they move in the presence of water in the form of a liquid film. Adding a water-retaining agent to the application solution increases their effectiveness. It is recommended to apply them in the late afternoon or on cloudy days, avoiding excessively high temperatures and direct sunlight. Proper storage (refrigerated at 4–10 °C) is essential to maintain product viability.